推杠之前

03 / 证据

每句话的出处都在这儿

共 23 条，分三组：机制类（卧推动作如何影响肩部负荷）、 临床类（肩部具体会发生什么病变）、背景类（健身房整体的损伤数据）。 “类型”只是研究形式的粗略标注，不等于证据等级评定。

A卧推与肩部负荷（机制类） 6 条

结论研究 / 作者期刊 · 年份类型原文
握距、肩外展角、肩胛骨位置共同影响肩关节负荷与损伤风险Noteboom L, et al. The effect of bench press technique variations in grip width, shoulder abduction angle and scapula pose on musculoskeletal shoulder loads and injury riskJ Sci Med Sport, 2022生物力学建模doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2022.09.018
卧推技术变化对肩部负荷与潜在损伤风险的影响（同组后续）Effects of bench press technique variations on musculoskeletal shoulder loads and potential injury riskFront Physiol, 2024生物力学pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38974522/
握距对卧推表现与损伤风险的影响（经典归纳）Green CM, Comfort P. The Affect of Grip Width on Bench Press Performance and Risk of InjuryStrength Cond J, 2007综述doi.org/10.1519/00126548-200710000-00006
竞技力量举选手卧推时的肩关节运动学（无标记动作捕捉）Assessing Shoulder Joint Kinematics During the Bench Press Exercise in Competitive PowerliftersJ Strength Cond Res, 2026观察性研究pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42748970/
肌肉疲劳与性别会影响卧推中冈上肌的占位率Impact of muscular fatigue and sex on supraspinatus occupation ratio during bench pressJ Sports Sci, 2026实验研究pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41804856/
卧推与划船时肩袖肌肉的方向性募集Direction-specific recruitment of rotator cuff muscles during bench press and rowJ Electromyogr Kinesiol, 2011肌电实验pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21978788/

B肩部具体病变（临床类） 9 条

结论研究 / 作者期刊 · 年份类型原文
“卧推者的肩膀”：胸小肌止点的过度使用性肌腱病（该命名的原始出处）The bench-presser's shoulder: an overuse insertional tendinopathy of the pectoralis minor muscleBr J Sports Med (BJSM), 2007临床命名pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17138640/
重负荷卧推后的胸大肌腱内复合断裂Complex Intratendinous Pectoralis Major Rupture After Heavy Bench PressCureus, 2026病例报告pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42434169/
军人队列中胸大肌肌腱修复的患者报告结果Pectoralis major tendon rupture repairs using intramedullary suture anchorsJ Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2025队列研究pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38908466/
不可修复性胸大肌撕裂的重建Reconstruction of Irreparable Pectoralis Major TearsMil Med, 2026手术技术/病例pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40580482/
胸大肌肌腱修复技术（缝合锚钉 + 内部加固）Primary Pectoralis Major Tendon Repair Using Suture Anchors With Internal BracingArthrosc Tech, 2025手术技术pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40547967/
锁骨远端骨溶解（DCO）的风险因素与管理：范围综述Risk factors and management of atraumatic distal clavicular osteolysis: A scoping reviewShoulder Elbow, 2026范围综述pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42656558/
肩峰在锁骨远端骨溶解病例中的参与Involvement of the acromion in cases of distal clavicular osteolysisSkeletal Radiol, 2026影像研究pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40826189/
上肢举重损伤的诊断与管理（论文引用的关键综述）Golshani K, Cinque ME, O'Halloran P, et al. Upper Extremity Weightlifting Injuries: Diagnosis and ManagementEFORT Open Reviews综述见论文参考文献 [8]
1387 名业余训练者的“易致痛动作与部位”分析Popular Gym Fitness Sport: An Analysis of 1387 Recreational AthletesSports (Basel), 2023横断面调查pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38251286/

C健身房整体损伤与预防（背景类） 8 条

结论研究 / 作者期刊 · 年份类型原文
跑步机跑者损伤发病率约每 1000 小时 6.8 例（高于篮球 4.4、足球 5.3、排球 1.7）Veras PM, et al. Incidence of Injuries and Associated Factors in Treadmill Runners: A Prospective Cohort StudyMotriz, 2020前瞻队列见论文参考文献 [4]
跑步爱好者损伤调查：膝踝足最常见，膝占 26.75%王嘉瑛, 李令岭, 马梁, 等. 跑步爱好者运动损伤的调查与分析昆明医科大学学报, 2020横断面调查见论文参考文献 [2]
动感单车后横纹肌溶解的临床特征：83.8% 为首次参加Masuda Y, et al. Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Exertional Rhabdomyolysis after Indoor SpinningThe Physician and Sportsmedicine系统综述见论文参考文献 [5]
青少年与成人举重损伤的急诊流行病学Myer GD, et al. Youth Versus Adult Weightlifting Injuries Presenting to United States Emergency RoomsJ Strength Cond Res, 2009流行病学见论文参考文献 [7]
上肢力量训练的动作调整（面向受伤运动员的临床视角）Upper extremity weight-training modifications for the injured athlete: a clinical perspectiveAm J Sports Med, 1998临床视角pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9784824/
前肩不稳者的力量训练调整Corrao M, et al. Weight Training Modifications for the Individual With Anterior Shoulder InstabilityStrength Cond J, 2010技术综述doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0b013e3181e91f03
不稳定训练对肌肉激活的影响：系统综述与 meta 分析Effects of unstable training on muscle activation: a systematic review and meta-analysisPeerJ, 2025系统综述 + metapubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40718776/
自由重量与器械训练在力量与增肌上等效（挑战传统认知）Free-Weight and Machine-Based Training Are Equally Effective on Strength and HypertrophyMed Sci Sports Exerc, 2023对照研究pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37535335/
检索范围 · PubMed 官方接口，5 组检索式：shoulder anatomy biomechanics review / exercise injury prevention systematic review / resistance training injury safety review / bench press shoulder injury / preparticipation health screening exercise。 另有部分条目来自论文《健身房场景内运动损伤分析与预防对策研究》自身的参考文献（标注为“见论文参考文献 [n]”）。 这是关键词检索，不是系统评价，存在选择性偏差。